Латинский текст консисториальной буллы, регламентирующей права и привилегии Ордена св. Павла Отшельника (Ордена паулинов), был подписан папой Григорием XI в Авиньоне в 1371 г. Хорватский перевод буллы осуществлен, вероятно, в одном из... more
Латинский текст консисториальной буллы, регламентирующей права и привилегии Ордена св. Павла Отшельника (Ордена паулинов), был подписан папой Григорием XI в Авиньоне в 1371 г. Хорватский перевод буллы осуществлен, вероятно, в одном из паулинских монастырей средневековой Хорватии. Единственный сохранившийся глаголический список перевода хранится в Коллекции рукописей и старых книг Национальной и университетской библиотеки Загреба (шифр R 4476). Рукопись не содержит сведений о месте и времени создания и по умолчанию датируется 70-ми годами XIV в. В настоящей работе, подготавливающей новое издание текста хорватского перевода буллы, описываются ее палеографические особенности. Рассматриваются начертания строчных, заглавных и декоративных графем, лигатур, инициала, надстрочных и строчных знаков. Приводятся сводные таблицы. Палеографическое описание рукописи позволяет провести несомненные параллели с глаголическими памятниками XIV–XV вв., однако более точное определение места и времени возникновения сохранившегося списка буллы будет возможно по мере исследования других языковых уровней и выработки критериев, дифференцирующих глаголическое письмо в рамках указанных временных и территориальных границ.
The Latin text of the consistory bull regulating the rights and privileges of the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit (the Pauline Order) has been signed by Pope Gregory XI at Avignon in 1371. Its Croatian translation was carried out probably in one of the Pauline monasteries of medieval Croatia. Its only preserved Glagolitic copy is kept in the Manuscripts and Old Books Collection of the National and University Library of Zagreb (R 4476). The manuscript does not contain information on the place and time of its creation and it is usually dated to 1370s. In this paper, which resulted from the preparation work of a new edition of the manuscript, its paleographic features (uppercase, lowercase and decorative graphemes, initial, supralinear and linear marks) are described. Summary tables are provided. The paleographic description of the manuscript permits to draw parallels with the Glagolitic monuments from the 14th–15th centuries. However, for a more accurate dating and localization of the translation, it is necessary to study its language and develop appropriate paleographic criteria.
The Latin text of the consistory bull regulating the rights and privileges of the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit (the Pauline Order) has been signed by Pope Gregory XI at Avignon in 1371. Its Croatian translation was carried out probably in one of the Pauline monasteries of medieval Croatia. Its only preserved Glagolitic copy is kept in the Manuscripts and Old Books Collection of the National and University Library of Zagreb (R 4476). The manuscript does not contain information on the place and time of its creation and it is usually dated to 1370s. In this paper, which resulted from the preparation work of a new edition of the manuscript, its paleographic features (uppercase, lowercase and decorative graphemes, initial, supralinear and linear marks) are described. Summary tables are provided. The paleographic description of the manuscript permits to draw parallels with the Glagolitic monuments from the 14th–15th centuries. However, for a more accurate dating and localization of the translation, it is necessary to study its language and develop appropriate paleographic criteria.
Research Interests:
This study, based on the etymological, semantic, grammatical and quantitative analysis of lexical borrowings in the Glagolitic Vrbnik Statute (Krk, 16th c.), shows that the language of the monument, contrary to the social and linguistic... more
This study, based on the etymological, semantic, grammatical and quantitative analysis of lexical borrowings in the Glagolitic Vrbnik Statute (Krk, 16th c.), shows that the language of the monument, contrary to the social and linguistic dominance of the Latin- Roman superstate and the existence of a centuries-old Romance substrate, demonstrates significant resistance to the penetration of lexical borrowings. The low level of lexical interference and the extremely low level of structural interference characterize Slavic- Romance interaction in the domain of Glagolitic script as insignificant cultural pressure. This observation confirms the thesis about the general opposition of Romance and Slavic written cultures in Dalmatia and the hypothesis that the Glagolitic script is a cultural “antibalkanism”.
В настоящем исследовании на основании этимологического, семантического, грамматического и количественного анализа лексических заимствований в глаголическом Уставе Врбника (остров Крк, XVI в.) показано, что язык памятника вопреки социально-лингвистическому доминированию латинско-романского суперстрата и наличию многовекового романского субстрата демонстрирует устойчивость к проникновению лексических заимствований. Невысокий уровень лексической интерференции и крайне низкий уровень структурной интерференции характеризуют славяно-романское взаимодействие в сфере функционирования глаголической письменности как незначительное культурное влияние. Это обстоятельство подтверждает тезис об общей противопоставленности романской и славянской письменных культур Далмации и гипотезу о статусе глаголической письменности как культурного «антибалканизма».
В настоящем исследовании на основании этимологического, семантического, грамматического и количественного анализа лексических заимствований в глаголическом Уставе Врбника (остров Крк, XVI в.) показано, что язык памятника вопреки социально-лингвистическому доминированию латинско-романского суперстрата и наличию многовекового романского субстрата демонстрирует устойчивость к проникновению лексических заимствований. Невысокий уровень лексической интерференции и крайне низкий уровень структурной интерференции характеризуют славяно-романское взаимодействие в сфере функционирования глаголической письменности как незначительное культурное влияние. Это обстоятельство подтверждает тезис об общей противопоставленности романской и славянской письменных культур Далмации и гипотезу о статусе глаголической письменности как культурного «антибалканизма».
Research Interests:
В статье рассматривается соотношение чакавских и церковнославянских форм в именной и глагольной морфологии славянского перевода буллы папы Григория XI паулинам 1371 г. Традиционно язык памятника определяется как чакавский, однако... more
В статье рассматривается соотношение чакавских и церковнославянских форм в именной и глагольной морфологии славянского перевода буллы папы Григория XI паулинам 1371 г. Традиционно язык памятника определяется как чакавский, однако значительное количество церковнославянских элементов позволяет охарактеризовать его как «чакавско-церковнославянский сплав». Статья предназначена специалистам по славянскому и балканскому языкознанию, глаголической письменности Истрии и Далмации, языковым контактам. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РГНФ (проект № 15-34-01252 «Средневековый славянский перевод буллы папы Григория XI ордену паулинов»).
The article discusses the correlation of Chakavian and Church Slavonic forms in nominal and verbal morphology in the Slavic translation of the bull of Pope Gregory XI to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit from 1371. Traditionally the language of the monument is defined as Chakavian, but a significant number of Church Slavonic elements allows to characterize it as a Chakavian - Church Slavonic amalgam. The article is intended to specialists in Slavic and Balkan linguistics, Glagolitic script of Istria and Dalmatia, language contact. This research was conducted thanks to support from a grant received from the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation (project № 15-34-01252 «Medieval Slavic translation of the Pope Gregory XI's bull to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit»).
The article discusses the correlation of Chakavian and Church Slavonic forms in nominal and verbal morphology in the Slavic translation of the bull of Pope Gregory XI to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit from 1371. Traditionally the language of the monument is defined as Chakavian, but a significant number of Church Slavonic elements allows to characterize it as a Chakavian - Church Slavonic amalgam. The article is intended to specialists in Slavic and Balkan linguistics, Glagolitic script of Istria and Dalmatia, language contact. This research was conducted thanks to support from a grant received from the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation (project № 15-34-01252 «Medieval Slavic translation of the Pope Gregory XI's bull to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit»).
Research Interests:
В статье на материале антропономастикона глаголических надписей острова Крк X–XI и XIV–XVIII вв. исследуются аспекты славяно-романского языкового (культурного, социального и этнического) контакта, имевшего место в Далмации в VII–XIX вв.... more
В статье на материале антропономастикона глаголических надписей острова Крк X–XI и XIV–XVIII вв. исследуются аспекты славяно-романского языкового (культурного, социального и этнического) контакта, имевшего место в Далмации в VII–XIX вв. Антропонимы анализируются с точки зрения количественного соотношения и системной дистрибуции исконных элементов и заимствований (романизмов). Делается вывод, что в надписях XIV–XVIII вв. романизмы составляют бо́льшую часть имён (88 % личных имён и 60 % фамилий). К старшим романизмам относятся заимствованные церковные имена и образованные от них фамилии. К младшим романизмам — фамилии романского происхождения и собственно романские фамилии. Фамилии романского происхождения могут свидетельствовать о славянизации романского населения или о распространении среди славянского населения романских имён. Сравнение с сохранившимся материалом X–XI вв. позволяет спроецировать на языковую ситуацию острова Крк описанную для немецкого ареала тенденцию существенного увеличения романского антропономастического компонента в XII–XVI вв.
This paper deals with the details of the Slavic-Romance language (cultural, social and ethnic) contact that took place in Dalmatia in the 7th-19th centuries and in particular studies the anthroponyms from the Glagolitic inscriptions of the island Krk of the 10th–11th and 14th–18th centuries. Anthroponyms are analyzed from the point of view of the ratio and distribution of origin Slavic and borrowed elements (romanisms). It is concluded that in the inscriptions of the 14th–18th centuries romanisms constitutes a majority (88% of personal names and 60% of surnames). Older romanisms include borrowed church names and surnames derived from them. To younger romanisms — the surnames derived from Romance words and the proper Romance surnames. Surnames of Roman origin may indicate the slavization of the Romance population or the spread of Romance names among the Slavonic population. Comparison with the surviving material of the 10th–11th centuries allows us to compare the language situation of the island Krk with a tendency for a significant increase of the Roman anthroponyms in the 12th–16th centuries, described for the German area.
This paper deals with the details of the Slavic-Romance language (cultural, social and ethnic) contact that took place in Dalmatia in the 7th-19th centuries and in particular studies the anthroponyms from the Glagolitic inscriptions of the island Krk of the 10th–11th and 14th–18th centuries. Anthroponyms are analyzed from the point of view of the ratio and distribution of origin Slavic and borrowed elements (romanisms). It is concluded that in the inscriptions of the 14th–18th centuries romanisms constitutes a majority (88% of personal names and 60% of surnames). Older romanisms include borrowed church names and surnames derived from them. To younger romanisms — the surnames derived from Romance words and the proper Romance surnames. Surnames of Roman origin may indicate the slavization of the Romance population or the spread of Romance names among the Slavonic population. Comparison with the surviving material of the 10th–11th centuries allows us to compare the language situation of the island Krk with a tendency for a significant increase of the Roman anthroponyms in the 12th–16th centuries, described for the German area.
Research Interests:
The language of the medieval Slavic translation of the Pope Gregory XI’s bull to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit is usually described as Čakavian. The paper demonstrates this statement on the basis of phonetic, morphological, and... more
The language of the medieval Slavic translation of the Pope Gregory XI’s bull to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit is usually described as Čakavian. The paper demonstrates this statement on the basis of phonetic, morphological, and lexical features. At the same time, the text of the bull contains a certain number of Church Slavonic elements. Thus, the language of the manuscript can indeed be characterized as Čakavian—Church Slavonic hybrid (“amalgam”).
Research Interests:
В статье рассматриваются языковые инновации, характерные для переводов XIV в., в рукописях, которые в средневековой письменности связывались с деятельностью митрополита Киприана (†1406): Лествица (РГБ, МДА 152), Псалтырь (РГБ, МДА 142) и... more
В статье рассматриваются языковые инновации, характерные для переводов XIV в., в рукописях, которые в средневековой письменности связывались с деятельностью митрополита Киприана (†1406): Лествица (РГБ, МДА 152), Псалтырь (РГБ, МДА 142) и Творения Дионисия Ареопагита (РГБ, МДА 144). Объем инноваций в каждом из исследованных текстов различен. Минимальный объем инноваций имеет Псалтырь, максимальный — Лествица. Однако объем исправлений в Лествице неравномерен: в начальной части рукописи инноваций больше, чем в конце кодекса. Творения Дионисия Ареопагита в рукописи МДА 144 никак не связаны с деятельностью Киприана: это список перевода старца Исайи из Пантелеймонова монастыря на Афоне. Объем инноваций в этом переводе занимает среднее положение между Псалтырью и Лествицей. Таким образом, атрибутированные одному лицу тексты могут иметь существенные различия в технике перевода, поэтому критерий атрибуции для описания норм литературного языка XIV в. представляется ненадежным. Подобным образом и понятия “афонская норма” и “тырновская норма” весьма размыты и не имеют точных границ. В связи с этим предлагается исследовать переводы XIV в., опираясь на объем языковых инноваций, представленных в конкретном тексте. Этот критерий был успешно применен М. Г. Гальченко при описании орфографических черт второго южнославянского влияния в русских рукописях XIV–XV вв.
This article deals with the language innovations characteristic of translations of the 14th century as represented in manuscripts regarded by scholars as emanating from the literary activities of Metropolitan Cyprian (†1406): the Ladder of Divine Ascent, the Psalter, and the works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite. The number of innovations is different for each of the texts listed above, the Psalter being the least innovative and the Ladder the most innovative text. Nevertheless the distribution of corrections in the Ladder seems to be irregular, with the initial part containing more innovations than the end of the codex. The works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite represented in MDA 144 (Russian State Library, Moscow) have nothing to do with Cyprian’s literary activities, for this manuscript is a copy of a translation made by Isaiah, a monk at the St. Panteleimonos Monastery on Mount Athos. The number of innovations in this translation lies between those seen in the Psalter and in the Ladder. Thus, a text attributed to the same person may differ significantly in terms of translation technique, which leads to the conclusion that the so-called attributional criterion is unreliable for a description of the written language of the 14th century. Along the same lines, such notions as the Athos norm and the Tarnovo norm are quite fluid and do not have any strictly defined borders. Therefore we suggest that these 14th-century translations have to be examined in the context of the degree to which they illustrate language innovations in a particular text. This criterion has been already successfully applied by M. G. Galchenko for a description of the orthographic features of the Second South Slavic Influence in Russian manuscripts of the 14th–15th centuries.
This article deals with the language innovations characteristic of translations of the 14th century as represented in manuscripts regarded by scholars as emanating from the literary activities of Metropolitan Cyprian (†1406): the Ladder of Divine Ascent, the Psalter, and the works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite. The number of innovations is different for each of the texts listed above, the Psalter being the least innovative and the Ladder the most innovative text. Nevertheless the distribution of corrections in the Ladder seems to be irregular, with the initial part containing more innovations than the end of the codex. The works of St. Dionysius the Areopagite represented in MDA 144 (Russian State Library, Moscow) have nothing to do with Cyprian’s literary activities, for this manuscript is a copy of a translation made by Isaiah, a monk at the St. Panteleimonos Monastery on Mount Athos. The number of innovations in this translation lies between those seen in the Psalter and in the Ladder. Thus, a text attributed to the same person may differ significantly in terms of translation technique, which leads to the conclusion that the so-called attributional criterion is unreliable for a description of the written language of the 14th century. Along the same lines, such notions as the Athos norm and the Tarnovo norm are quite fluid and do not have any strictly defined borders. Therefore we suggest that these 14th-century translations have to be examined in the context of the degree to which they illustrate language innovations in a particular text. This criterion has been already successfully applied by M. G. Galchenko for a description of the orthographic features of the Second South Slavic Influence in Russian manuscripts of the 14th–15th centuries.
Research Interests:
В статье рассматривается языковой (культурный, этнический, социальный) контакт носителей славянских и романских диалектов, имевший место на острове Крк в VII–XIX вв., в его отражении в глаголических надписях XI–XVIII вв. Приводится... more
В статье рассматривается языковой (культурный, этнический, социальный) контакт носителей славянских и романских диалектов, имевший место на острове Крк в VII–XIX вв., в его отражении в глаголических надписях XI–XVIII вв. Приводится инвентарь заимствований из латинского и романских языков в области апеллятивной лексики и его тематическое распределение. Делаются выводы о высокой концентрации заимствований в языке надписей (около 10 %) и о ведущей роли церковной и юридической сфер для славяно- романского языкового контакта.
The article deals with the languistic (cultural, ethnic, social) contacts between the Slavic and the Romance population of the Krk island in the VIIth–XIXth centuries as they are reflected in the lexicon of the Glagolitic inscriptions of the XIth–XVIIIth centuries. It is ascertained that the total number of the Latin/ Romance borrowings in the language of the Glagolitic inscriptions amounts to 10 %. The analysis of their thematic distribution shows that the confessional and juridical grounds formed the basis for the integration for all groups of population. It is testified by the Romance borrowings in the Glagolitic sources – both ecclesiastical (kaštald ‘gastald’, opat ‘abbot’, plovan ‘senior priest’, krizma ‘chrism’, križ ‘cross’ etc.) and juridical terms (dotati ‘subsidize’, ered ‘heir’, ištrumenat ‘official document’, fondament ‘fund’).
The article deals with the languistic (cultural, ethnic, social) contacts between the Slavic and the Romance population of the Krk island in the VIIth–XIXth centuries as they are reflected in the lexicon of the Glagolitic inscriptions of the XIth–XVIIIth centuries. It is ascertained that the total number of the Latin/ Romance borrowings in the language of the Glagolitic inscriptions amounts to 10 %. The analysis of their thematic distribution shows that the confessional and juridical grounds formed the basis for the integration for all groups of population. It is testified by the Romance borrowings in the Glagolitic sources – both ecclesiastical (kaštald ‘gastald’, opat ‘abbot’, plovan ‘senior priest’, krizma ‘chrism’, križ ‘cross’ etc.) and juridical terms (dotati ‘subsidize’, ered ‘heir’, ištrumenat ‘official document’, fondament ‘fund’).
Research Interests:
The paper presents new diachronic and synchronic data from the zones of intensive Slavic-non-Slavic contact in South-Eastern Europe within the framework of major theoretical issues of the Balkan and general contact linguistics. The... more
The paper presents new diachronic and synchronic data from the zones of intensive Slavic-non-Slavic contact in South-Eastern Europe within the framework of major theoretical issues of the Balkan and general contact linguistics. The contact induced change and variation through time and space (on the Island of Krk, in Tsakonia, in Prespa, in Golo Bordo, in Mrkovići and in Carașova) reveal the general paths of language convergence and the restrictions that apply to that convergence. Historically changing social circumstances of contact, such as symbiosis with dominant and non-dominant bilingualism are taken into consideration together with the roles of a high culture language vs. a language of traditional culture.
Research Interests: Language Variation and Change, Slavic Languages, Balkan Studies, Old Church Slavonic, Pidgins & Creoles, and 40 moreOttoman Balkans, Greek Dialects, Medieval Balkans, Language Change, Banat of Temesvar, Balkans, Macedonia, Montenegro, Banat, Western Balkans, Balkan and Slavic Languages, Bulgarian Language, Code Switching, Languages in Contact, Code switching and code mixing, Croatian dialects, Bulgarian dialects, Balkan Sprachbund, Balkan languages, Macedonian dialects, Slavic and Balkan Studies, Greek Dialectology, Current disputes on the status of Montenegrin language, Island of Krk, Tsakonian Dialect, Modern Greek Dialects, History of Banat, kulturni identitet južnog Banata, Albanian Dialectology, Church Slavonic Language, Čakavian, Modern Greek Dialectology, Serbian Dialectology, Croatian Dialectology, Albanian Dialects, Romanian Dialects, Serbian Dialects, South Slavic and Balkan political, diplomatic, social and cultural history, Glagolitic script, and Tsakonian Greek
В статье рассматривается соотношение чакавских и церковнославянских форм в именной и глагольной морфологии славянского перевода буллы папы Григория XI паулинам 1371 г. Традиционно язык памятника определяется как чакавский, однако... more
В статье рассматривается соотношение чакавских и церковнославянских форм в именной и глагольной морфологии славянского перевода буллы папы Григория XI паулинам 1371 г. Традиционно язык памятника определяется как чакавский, однако значительное количество церковнославянских элементов позволяет охарактеризовать его как «чакавско-церковнославянский сплав». Статья предназначена специалистам по славянскому и балканскому языкознанию, глаголической письменности Истрии и Далмации, языковым контактам. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РГНФ (проект № 15-34-01252 «Средневековый славянский перевод буллы папы Григория XI ордену паулинов»).
The article discusses the correlation of Chakavian and Church Slavonic forms in nominal and verbal morphology in the Slavic translation of the bull of Pope Gregory XI to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit from 1371. Traditionally the language of the monument is defined as Chakavian, but a significant number of Church Slavonic elements allows to characterize it as a Chakavian - Church Slavonic amalgam. The article is intended to specialists in Slavic and Balkan linguistics, Glagolitic script of Istria and Dalmatia, language contact. This research was conducted thanks to support from a grant received from the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation (project № 15-34-01252 «Medieval Slavic translation of the Pope Gregory XI's bull to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit»).
The article discusses the correlation of Chakavian and Church Slavonic forms in nominal and verbal morphology in the Slavic translation of the bull of Pope Gregory XI to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit from 1371. Traditionally the language of the monument is defined as Chakavian, but a significant number of Church Slavonic elements allows to characterize it as a Chakavian - Church Slavonic amalgam. The article is intended to specialists in Slavic and Balkan linguistics, Glagolitic script of Istria and Dalmatia, language contact. This research was conducted thanks to support from a grant received from the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation (project № 15-34-01252 «Medieval Slavic translation of the Pope Gregory XI's bull to the Order of Saint Paul the First Hermit»).
Research Interests:
The island of Krk is located in the north of the Adriatic and from the 7th till the 19th century it has been a site of direct contact between numerous spoken and literary languages: Latin, Vegliot Dalmatian, Venetian, Čakavian and Church... more
The island of Krk is located in the north of the Adriatic and from the 7th till the 19th century it has been a site of direct contact between numerous spoken and literary languages: Latin, Vegliot Dalmatian, Venetian, Čakavian and Church Slavonic. The article discusses the ethnic, linguistic, and cultural interrelation of the multilingual population of Krk as it is reflected in the 10th–18th century Glagolitic sources: Vrbnički statut, Darovnica slavnoga Dragoslava and 87 Glagolitic inscriptions. The central goal of this study, based on the thematic analysis of Latin and Romance loans in the appellative lexicon, is to reconctruct and describe the processes of linguistic (as well as cultural, social, ethnic) interaction of the Romance and Slavic speaking population. Borrowings are attested particularly intensively in the sphere of social organization, the social life of humans, as well as a human as a physical and spiritual-intellectual entity. This can be explained by the extra-linguistic factor of the political and cultural domination of Latin and Romance cultures in the Adriatic.